Torus network topology5/30/2023 Moreover, it is suitable for the optical packet switching (OPS) scheme, as the regularity of the node sequence allows the use of a simple deterministic forwarding algorithm and the multiple alternative routes enable an effective contention resolution when considered as optical buffers. The high-dimensional torus topology, which is widely used in supercomputers, e.g., CRAY (3-D), Blue Gene (3- ~ 5-D), and K computer (6-D), provides various advantages such as flexible scalability, good connectivity, and robust redundancy of links. In this chapter, we present a torus-topology photonic data center network that is based on hybrid optoelectronic routers (HOPRs) and a centralized network controller. Photonic networks are expected to be the savior that can take data centers to a new paradigm by providing solutions to the above challenges and thus enable their sustainable growth up to the far-off future. ![]() However, it is getting increasingly difficult to cope with the growing demand while keeping other requirements under control such as low cost, high-energy efficiency, and low latency. ![]() Ever-growing data centers are currently the main providers for a wide diversity of services that involve handling unprecedented volumes of data traffic.
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